VISION ASSESMENT IN CHILDREN
• Neonate – Following a light, face object.
• 3-6 months- Fixation and following
• 6-18 months- preferential looking (keeler card)
• 9-24 months- cake decoration • 2-3 years- Cardiff vanishing card.
• 2-5 years- picture card and matching chart
• 5years – Snellen chart.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
✓ Carefully observe whether the patient is completely covering the eyes with cup of hand or occuder or not.
✓ Ensure to tell them to keep the covered eye open.
✓ Observe the position of the head whether he is trying to see from the other side.
✓ Ensure the patient is sitting straight.
✓ As VA play, a vital role in eye examination, it should be recorded carefully.
CLUES TO VAT
• Refractive power of patients
• Distance and near visual acuity should be tested differently.
• the vision is subnormal, the visual acuity is again determined by asking the patient to read through a pin hole. Now the pin hole is a supportive determinant of visual acuity.
• Visual acuity is a retina function, to be more precise of the macular area, concerns with the appreciation form and sense.
PURPOSE OF THE TEST
• The play a major purpose of visual acquity test is to determine the visual clarity for sharpness of a patient.
• For early detection of ocular problems.
• For refraction and spectacles.
RESULT ASSESSMENT
VA Distance at which test is made.
Distance at which the smallest letter read.
*E.g. The distance between patient and test object is 6m and he reads the letter of size for 9m for normal person= 6/9.
Meters Feet
6/6 20/20
67/9 20/30
6/12 20/40
6/18 20/60
6/24 20/80
6/36 20/120
6/60 20/200
FACTORS AFFECTING VAT
1. Refractive error 5. Illumination
2. Size of the pupil 6. Interaction effect
3. Area of retina 7. Uncooperative patients. stimulation
4. Time of exposure of the target
CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
1. Macular degeneration: Due to age, damage to the macular, the sensitive part of the retina, and it is associated with blurred vision, the patient is unable to focus clearly.
1. Diabetes Retinopathy: This affects the small blood vessels in the retina when they are damaged, it causes vision impairment.
3. Infectious diseases like, HIV/AIDS
4. cataract
Opacity of the lens or cloudiness of the lens
5. Aging
6. Uncorrected refractive errors.
7. Glaucoma
8. Genetic factor
9. Cancer of the eye
10. Trauma
COMMON EYE PROBLEMS
❖ Cataract
❖ Astigmatism
❖ Presbyopia
❖ Myopia
❖ Amblyopia
❖ Strabismus
❖ Gluacoma